The Chemistry of Carbon Compounds

Gold:  source: Internet Gold is a chemical element. The symbol of gold is Au and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. In a pure form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and soil under standard conditions. Gold often occurs in free elemental form, as grains, in rocks, in veins. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver, naturally alloyed with other metals like copper and palladium, and also mineral inclusions such as within pyrite. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, often with tellurium(gold tellurides). Gold is resistant to most acids, though it does dissolve in aqua regia ( a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid), which forms a soluble tetrachloroaurate anion. Gold is insoluble in nitric acid, which dissolves s...

Ammonium nitrate Introduction Definition      Ammonium nitrate is a crystalline white solid. Its made in large quantity industrially by the reaction of ammonia with concentrated nitric acid. The industrial production of ammonium nitrate entails the acid-base reaction of ammonia with nitric acid.  NH3 + HNO3  →  NH4NO3 Ammonia is used in its anhydrous form (a gas) and nitric acid is concentrated. After the solution is formed, typically at about 83% concentration, the excess water is evaporated off to leave an ammonium nitrate(AN) content of 95% to 99.9% concentration(AN melt), depending on grade. The AN melt is then made into “prills” or small beads in spray tower, or into granules by spraying and tumbling in a rotating drum. The prills or granules may be further dried, cooled, and then coated to prevent caking. These prills or granules are the typical AN products in commerce. Applications Ammonium nitrate is an important fertilizer with NPK rating 34-0-0...