Definitions and concepts for IGCSE chemistry:
Definitions and concepts for IGCSE chemistry: Acids bases and salts: 1. Acid : A chemical which can neutralize bases and will turn both litmus and methyl orange red. Acids will react with metals to produce salt and hydrogen and will react with carbonates to produce salt, water and carbon dioxide. Acids are proton donors. 2. Amphoteric : Able to act as an acid and a base. 3. Anion : A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains at least one electron. 4. Base : A chemical which reacts with acids in neutralization reactions and will turn litmus blue and methyl orange yellow. Bases react with ammonium salts to produce salt, ammonia gas and water. Bases are proton acceptors. 5. Cation : A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses at least one electron. 6. Crystallization : A separation technique to soluble solids from solutions. The process involves heating the solution until crystals start to form, leaving the solution to cool and then filtering the formed crystals from the