A brief description of Sodium nitrate and hydrochloric acid

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Sodium nitrate belongs to the family of compounds called salts, which are formed by uniting an acid (nitric in this instance) with a base (in this case sodium hydroxide). When sodium nitrate is combined with hydrochloric acid, an exchange reaction occurs, producing sodium chloride and nitric acid. The salt and nitric acid can be separated from each other and the two substances can be put to practical used.

The Reaction:

In the symbols of chemical terminology, the reaction may be written as,

NaNO3 + HCl ---> NaCl + HNO3

This says that one molecule of sodium nitrate reacts with one molecule of hydrochloric acid to produce one molecule of sodium chloride and one molecule of nitric acid.

Sodium Chloride:

one of the reaction products, sodium chloride, is readily available in nature, so this reaction is not a particularly useful source for that substance. Purified sodium chloride is ordinary table salt and in its impure state( halite) is used for a variety of purposes, including( among many other things) winter road-conditioning and ceramic glazes.  

Nitric acid:

While nitric acid can be produced commercially in a number of ways. many of those are too complicated for the amateur scientist. Apart from buying nitric acid, one of the easiest ways to make it is by the above chemical reaction. There are many important nitrates and nitro-compounds directly derivable from nitric acid.

Important nitrates:

Ammonium nitrate, an inorganic nitrate, is very important in agriculture as a fertilizer rich in nitrogen since both the ammonium group (NH4+) and the nitrate group(NO3-) contain nitrogen. Other nitrates of special importance are potassium nitrate. Barium nitrate is used to produce a green coloration in fireworks and in the formation of some thermite (incendiary) formulation.

Organic nitro-compounds:


  • Organic compounds containing nitrogen can be broadly classified into two groups. 1. compound containing the nitro-functional group -NO2, 2. compound containing amine functional group-NH2 and their derivatives.
  • The NO2 group attached with the organic chain is called a nitro functional group.
  •  all the compounds containing the nitro functional group are called organic nitro compounds. 
  • they are classified as Aliphatic nitro compounds and Aromatic nitro compounds
  • Aliphatic nitro compounds: If the nitro functional group is attached with an aliphatic carbon chain is called an aliphatic nitro compound. They are weakly acidic due to their azinitro form and they are soluble in alkalies and can undergo a condensation reaction with aldehyde CH3-NO2 - Nitro-methane.

  •  Aromatic nitro compounds: If the nitro functional group is attached with a benzene ring is called an aromatic nitro compound. All aromatic nitro compounds are yellow-colored liquids that may change to dark brown color due to oxidation. 
  • The NO2 group is called a nitro group. It is an electron-withdrawing group due to its inductive effect as well as resonance effect.
  • Nomenclature of Nitro compounds: Organic compound containing nitro-functional group( -NO2). They are obtained by replacing one or more hydrogen in the hydrocarbon with the nitro group. Here the nitrogen is directly attached to the carbon atom in the organic chain.
  • Nitro compounds are named by prefixing the nitro with the root alkane.
  • CH3-NO2 is aminomethane. CH3-CH(NO2)CH3 is nitropropane.
  • The general method of preparation: 1. Nitration of alkanes 2. From alkyl halides 3.From primary amines 4. From oxime.

Are nitro groups acidic?

Acidic character: Due to the strong electron-withdrawing nature of the nitro group(-I effect) the alpha-hydrogen bonded to the carbon atom bearing the nitro group is acidic, which can easily be abstracted by a base.













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